Preheat the oven to 350°F. Grease and line a 9 by 9-inch cake pan with parchment paper and set aside.
In a medium mixing bowl, toss all of the apple cinnamon filling ingredients together and set aside.
In a large bowl with a hand mixer (or in a stand mixer with the paddle attachment), mix together the butter and sugar until light and fluffy (2 to 3 minutes).
Add in the eggs, allowing each to incorporate before adding in the next. Mix until combined. Add the vanilla. Mix until smooth.
Stop the mixer and sift in half of the flour, baking powder, salt, and baking soda. Mix on low speed until incorporated.
With the mixer on low speed, stream in the buttercream and mix to combined.
Add the remaining flour and mix until smooth.
Scrape half of the batter into the prepared pan. Smooth it out with an offset spatula.
Spoon half of the apple filling on top.
Dollop the remaining cake batter on top of the apples and gently smooth out.
Add the remaining apple filling evenly over the top of the cake.
Bake the cake for 40 to 45 minutes, or until golden on top and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs.
Mix all of the ingredients together for the glaze until smooth and pourable.
Drizzle the glaze over the top of the cake. Allow the cake to cool slightly before slicing. Serve at room temperture.