Preheat the oven to 350°F. Grease, flour, and line the bottoms of two 8-inch round cake pans with parchment paper and set aside.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the cake flour, all-purpose flour, baking powder, and salt. Set aside.
In the bowl of a stand mixer, add the sugar and lemon zest. Rub the ingredients together between your fingertips until fragrant and lemony. Add the butter. Using the paddle attachment, mix on medium speed until light and fluffy, 2 to 4 minutes.
Add the eggs, one at a time, allowing each to incorporate into the mixture before adding the next. Add the vanilla and mix to combine. Stop the mixer and scrape down the sides of the bowl.
Add half of the dry ingredients and mix on low speed until incorporated. Stream in the buttermilk and mix until combined. Add the remaining dry ingredients and mix until combined and the batter is smooth (it will be quite thick).
Evenly divide the batter between the prepared pans. Bake the cakes for 32 to 36 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean or with a few moist crumbs. The cake layers are tall, but try not to over bake. They will be golden brown on top when done.
Allow the cakes to cool on a wire rack for about 20 minutes before removing them from their pans. Continue to let them cool completely before assembling.